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Connection Speeds
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Standard Connection Speeds
Devices, Interfaces,
Protocols,
Standards 		Kbps
Mbps
Gbps
Tbps 		Date General Description with Creator & Creation Timelines
Transmitting Distances, Frequencies
Connection & Cable types.
TAT-1 51-calls 1956 The first transatlantic coaxial telephone cable, 7,802km Out-of-service retired 1978
Bell 103 300bps 1965 Asynchronous data transmission, full-duplex, 2-wire dialup or leased line.
CCITT V.21 300bps 1965 The standard for full-duplex communication at 300 baud in Japan and Europe.
Dataphone 300bps 1958 1st Modem: Bell Labs , Hayes AT commands.
Bell 212a 1.2K 1988 Synchronous - asynchronous data transmission, full-duplex operation, 2-wires.
ITU V.22 1.2K 1988 Standard protocol for transmitting data on telephone lines
Cat1 1.2K 1985 Basic telephone wire, Voice Only
Category 1 1.2K 1985 Basic telephone wire, Voice Only
1,200 baud 1.2K 1962 2nd Modem speed. Basic telephone line transmission rate
POTS 1.2K 1877 Plain Old Telephone Service, the first commercial telephones
ITU V.22bis 2.4K 1988 Standard protocol for transmitting data with telephone lines.
2,400 baud 2.4K 1980 3rd Modem speed
ITU V.29 9.6K 1988 Standard protocol for transmitting data with telephone lines
ITU V.32 9.6K 1991 Standard protocol for transmitting data with telephone lines
Facsimile 9.6K 1980 FAX Machines / FAX Modems
9,600 baud 9.6K 1984 4th Modem speed
ITU V.32bis 14.4K 1991 Standard protocol for transmitting data with telephone lines
14,400 baud 14.4K 1991 V.32bis Modem, V.17 fax
UART 8250 19.2K 1981 Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter, 0-byte buffer.
RS-232 20.0K 1987 50ft, Serial Port, single-ended data transmission
RS-366 20.0K 1988 Uses RS-232 electrical specs, different connector pinouts and signal functions.
28,800 baud 28.8K 1994 V.34, Rockwell V.Fast Modems
GeoPort 28.8K 1996 A serial port for Apples that provides interface between telephone and computer
33,600 baud 33.6K 1996 Maximum data transmission rate with copper telephone wires.
ITU V.34 (V.fast) 36.6K 1998 Standard protocol for transmitting data with telephone lines
UART 16450 38.4K 1995 Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter, 1-byte buffer.
K56flex 48.0K 1998 V.90, Proprietary protocol By: Lucent Technologies
X2 48.0K 1998 V.90, Proprietary protocol By: US Robotics
Modem, Analog 48.0K 1958 MOdulator-DEModulator, sends at 33.6K, receives at 48K
ITU V.90 56.0K 1998 Standard protocol for transmitting data with telephone lines
Modem, Digital 56.0K 1990 MOdulator-DEModulator, sends at 56K, receives at 56K
HSCSD 57.6K 1999 High Speed Circuit Switched Data, (wireless)
DS-0 64.0K 1962 Digital Signal Level 0, 1 Channel (1/24 of T1)
E-0 64.0K 1 Channel, Europe & Japan
J-0 64.0K 1 Channel, Japanese
N-ISDN 64.0K 1976 Narrowband Integrated Services Digital Network
RS-423 100.0K 1995 4000ft, Single-ended data transmission
GPRS 114.0K 1999 General Packet Radio Service, RF in space (wireless)
Modem, Null 115.2K 1987 Special cable allowing two computers to communicate with RS-232 ports.
PS/2 115.2K 1987 By IBM for keyboards and pointing devices.
RS-232e 115.2K 1987 50ft, Serial Port, single-ended data transmission
UART 16550 115.2K 1995 Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter, 16-byte buffer.
ISDN-BRI 128.0K 1980 BRI (Basic Rate Interface) 2x64K B-channels, 1x64K D-channel
Euro-ISDN 144.0K 1993 128K usable. Allows full transparent interworking between all European countries
Parallel Port 150.0K 1981 IBM's first printer port.
LocalTalk 230.0K 1983 300m Apple Computer's AppleTalk networking scheme.
MAX3100 230.0K 1997 Multidrop communication technique known as 9-bit mode. the world's smallest UART
EDGE 384.0K 2000 Enhanced Data GSM Environment. Global System for Mobile (GSM) wireless service.
Satellite Dish 400.0K 1957 RF in space, wireless WAN, sends at 33.6K, receives at 400K
UART 16650 460.8K 1995 Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter, 32-byte buffer.
UART 16750 921.6K 1995 Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter, 64-byte buffer.
1Base5 1.000M 1986 250 Meters Two pairs of twisted telephone cable.
StarLAN 1.000M 1970 250 Meters Two pairs of twisted telephone cable.
B-ISDN 1.500M 1988 Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network
G.lite 1.500M 1998 18000 feet Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, sends at 512K, receives at 1.5M
IDSL 1.500M 1997 18000 ft, DSL over ISDN, sends 64K-1.5M, receives 1.5-9M
Modem, Cable 1.500M 1997 Sends at 3M, receives at 1.5M.
DS-1 1.544M 1975 Digital Signal Level 1, 24 Channels (1xT1)
HDSL 1.544M 1991 12000 ft, High bit-rate DSL, sends at 2.048M, receives at 1.544M
SDSL 1.544M 1998 12000 ft, Symmetric DSL, sends at 2.048M, receives at 1.544M
T-1 1.544M 1957 Trunk Level 1, 24 Channels (1xT1) Time-Division Multiplexing By: AT&T
ISDN-PRI 1.544M 1988 Primary Rate Interface 23x64K B-channels, 1x64K D-channel on T1, 23B+D
J-1 1.544M 24 Channels, Japanese
RS-449 2.000M 1970 1km, Serial binary data interchange
Twinax 2.000M 1980 4000 ft, Unike coax has 2 conductors in center.
E-1 2.048M 1997 30 Channels, Europe & Japan, 1.920M usable
Euro ISDN-PRI 2.048M Primary Rate Interface 30x64K B-channels, 1x64K D-channel on E1, 30B+D
ARCnet 2.500M 1968 Attached Resource Computer Network By: Datapoint.
OX16C952 3.000M 1992 The newest and fastest PC UART, the deepest FIFOs 128-byte buffer.
DS-1c 3.152M 1985 Digital Signal Level 1c, 48 Channels (2xT1)
J-1c 3.152M 48 Channels, Japanese
T-1c 3.152M 1985 Trunk Level 1c, 48 Channels (2xT1) Time-Division Multiplexing By: AT&T
UMTS 3.500M 1998 Universal Mobile Telephone System or often referred to as 3G
Cat2 4.000M 1990 1Mhz Used for Apple computer's LocalTalk
Category 2 4.000M 1990 1Mhz Used for Apple computer's LocalTalk
IrDA 4.000M 1994 Infrared Data Association , wireless communication standard
DS-2 6.312M 1969 Digital Signal Level 2, 96 Channels (4xT1)
J-2 6.312M 96 Channels, Japanese
T-2 6.312M Trunk Level 2, 96 Channels (4xT1) Time-Division Multiplexing By: AT&T
ADSL 8.000M 1997 Asymmetric DSL, sends at 1.500M, receives at 8.000M
E-2 8.448M 120 Channels, Europe & Japan
10Base-T 10.000M 1995 100 meters, Ethernet (Unshielded Twisted Pair) Cat3
10Base-2 10.000M 1985 185 meters, (Cheapernet) Thin Net Ethernet 50 ohms ((Thin Coaxial)
10Base-5 10.000M 1985 500 meters, Thick Net Ethernet 50 ohms (Thick Coaxial)
10Base-F 10.000M 1993 2000 meters, (fiberoptic)
10Broad36 10.000M 1985 3600 meters, Ethernet specification using broadband coaxial (CATV) cable.
Cat3 10.000M 1991 16MHz Voice Grade twisted-pair wire.
Category 3 10.000M 1991 16MHz Voice Grade twisted-pair wire.
CAIS bus 10.000M 1991 Common Airborne Instrumentation System, a transformer coupled comm. link.
DECnet PhaseIV 10.000M 1983 First released by Digital in 1983 for its VMS and RSX-11 systems.
RS-422a 10.000M 4000ft, Differential Data Transmission (Apple)
RS-485 10.000M 4000ft, Balanced line interface, 2-wire, half-duplex, differential.
RS-530 10.000M 30km, Fiberoptic Point to Point
Standard SCSI 10.000M 1995 SCSI-1,Small Computer System Interface
Wireless LAN 11.000M 1997 Ethernet performance for use within premises and zones. 802.11 technologies
USB 1.1 12.000M 1996 5 meters, Universal Serial Bus, external bus standard
Token Ring 16.000M 1982 LAN, a type of computer network By: IBM
EIDE 16.600M 1993 Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics
ARCnet Plus 20.000M 1992 Attached Resource Computer Network By: Datapoint.
Cat4 20.000M 1990 20MHz Twisted-pair wire, Token Ring
Category 4 20.000M 1990 20MHz Twisted-pair wire, Token Ring
Fast Wide SCSI 20.000M 1986 1.5m, Small Computer System Interface
MCA 20.000M 1987 Micro Channel Architecture By: IBM
ECP/EPP 24.000M 1994 High performance bi-directional parallel port.
ATM-25 25.600M 1991 Asynchronous Transfer Mode, uses fixed length packets called cells.
ZV-Port 27.000M 1996 Zoomed Video via PCMCIA bus to VGA controller.
J-3 32.064M 480 Channels, Japanese
EISA 33.000M 1982 Extended Industry Standard Architecture
E-3 34.368M 480 Channels, Europe & Japan
Ultra SCSI 40.000M 1993 SCSI-3, Small Computer System Interface
VMEbus 40.000M 1980 Industrial controls: factory automation, robotics, etc. By: Motorola
VSAT 40.000M 1958 Very Small Aperture Terminal Satellite Communication, antenna of 1.8 meter dia.
DS-3 44.736M 1972 Digital Signal Level 3, 672 Channels (28xT1)
T-3 44.736M 1991 Trunk Level 3, 672 Channels (28xT1) Time-Division Multiplexing By: AT&T
V-ADSL 51.000M 1995 51.00M at 1000 feet & 25.600Mbps at 3000-4000 feet
STS-1c 51.840M 1986 Synchronous Transport Signal, Level 1
OC-1c 51.840M Optical Carrier Level 1, fiberoptic, 672 Voice Circuits
VDSL 52.000M 1995 Very high speed DSL, send 1.5-2.3M, receive 13-52M
HSSI 53.000M 1989 50 ft, High-Speed Serial Interface
DS-3c 89.472M Digital Signal Level 3c, 1344 Channels (56xT1)
T-3c 89.472M Trunk Level 3c, 1344 Channels (56xT1) Time-Division Multiplexing By: AT&T
J-4 97.200M 5760 Channels, Japanese
J-3c 97.728M 1440 Channels, Japanese
100Base-F 100.000M 1984 Fast Ethernet with Fiberoptic Cable.
100Base-T 100.000M 1993 100 meters, Fast Ethernet (Unshielded Twisted Pair) Cat5
100Base-T2 100.000M 1991 Fast Ethernet (2-pairs of normal-quality twisted-pair wire) Cat3
100Base-T4 100.000M 1991 100 meters Fast Ethernet (4-pairs of normal-quality twisted-pair wire) Cat3
100Base-TX 100.000M 1993 220 meters, Fast Ethernet (Unshielded Twisted Pair) Cat5
100VG-AnyLAN 100.000M 1997 200 meters, Voice Grade Cat3+ on Any LAN, By Hewlet Packard
Cat5 100.000M 1993 100MHz, Unshielded twisted-pair wire, Fast Ethernet
Category 5 100.000M 1993 100MHz, Unshielded 4 twisted-pair wire, Fast Ethernet, RJ-45 connector.
CDDI 100.000M 1993 Copper Data Distribution Interface, the copper version of FDDI
FDDI 100.000M 1993 Fiber Distributed Data Interface, uses a token ring protocol.
Cat7 100.000M 1997 600Mhz, Unshielded twisted-pair wire (standard pending)
Category 7 100.000M 1997 600Mhz, Unshielded twisted-pair wire (standard pending)
FibreChannel 125.000M 1988 Fiberoptic-based, computer peripheral architecture.
DS-3d 135.000M Digital Signal Level 3d, (87xT1) By: AT&T
T-3d 135.000M Trunk Level 3d, (87xT1) Time-Division Multiplexing By: AT&T
E-4 139.264M 1920 Channels, Europe & Japan
ESCON 150.000M 1996 Enterprise Systems Connection - A star topology invented By: IBM
STM-1 155.520M Synchronous Transport Module, Level 1
STS-3c 155.520M 1986 Synchronous Transport Signal, Level 3
OC-3c 155.520M Optical Carrier Level 3, fiberoptic, 2016 Voice Circuits
AGP 2.0 266.000M 1998 Accelerated Graphics Port, By: Intel
DS-4 274.176M 1976 Digital Signal Level 4, 4032 Channels (168xT1)
T-4 274.176M Trunk Level 4, 4032 Channels (168xT1) Time-Division Multiplexing By: AT&T
FireWire 400.000M 1995 A serial SCSI variant developed by Apple
STM-3 466.560M Synchronous Transport Module, Level 3
STS-9c 466.560M 1986 Synchronous Transport Signal, Level 9
OC-9c 466.560M Optical Carrier Level 9, fiberoptic, 6048 Voice Circuits
USB 2.0 480.000M 1999 Universal Serial Bus, external bus standard v2.0
PCI 2.2 533.000M 1993 Peripheral Component Interconnect By: Intel
TPC-4 560.000M 1992 Trans-Pacific Cable 4, Vancouver Island & Manchester, CA on the Pacific Ocean.
TAT-8 565.000M 1988 Fiberoptic cable network laid from Tuckerton NJ to England and France.
TAT-9 565.000M 1991 Fiberoptic cable network laid from North America to Europe.
TAT-10 565.000M 1992 Fiberoptic cable network, links United States with Germany and The Netherlands.
TAT-11 565.000M 1993 France Telecom, fiberoptic cable network from Manahawkin to England and France.
TAT-12 565.000M 1996 1st Fiberoptic cable network to operate as a fully backed-up "self-healing" cable loop.
TAT-13 565.000M 1996 2nd Fiberoptic cable network to operate as a fully backed-up "self-healing" cable loop.
E-5 565.148M 7680 Channels, Europe & Japan
ATM 622.000M 1988 Asynchronous Transfer Mode
STM-4 622.080M Synchronous Transport Module, Level 4
STS-12c 622.080M 1986 Synchronous Transport Signal, Level 12
OC-12c 622.080M 15000 meters Optical Carrier Level 12, fiberoptic, 8064 Voice Circuits
OC-18c 933.120M Optical Carrier Level 18, fiberoptic, 12096 Voice Circuits
1000Base-CX 1.000G 1998 25 meters 2-pair 150 ohms STP, Gigabit Ethernet, copper cable.
1000Base-F 1.000G 1996 Gigabit Ethernet with Fiberoptic Cable.
1000Base-LX 1.000G 1998 550 meters Gigabit Ethernet, long wavelength laser transmitters, fiberoptic cable.
1000Base-SX 1.000G 1998 5000 meters Gigabit Ethernet, short wavelength laser transmitters with fiberoptic cable.
1000Base-T 1.000G 1999 100 meters Gigabit Ethernet, four pairs of 100-ohm Cat5 or better cable
1000Base-X 1.000G 1998 Gigabit Ethernet, with twisted pair cable.
Ethernet 1.000G 1976 10M to 1000M By: Xerox Corp.
PCI-X 1.000G 1999 133 MHz Industry-standard I/O interconnect By: Compaq
WidebandATM 1.000G 1996 Gigabit Ethernet with fiberoptic cable.
PC150 SDRAM 1.200G 2000 PC150 Synchronous DRAM, By: Mushkin
OC-24c 1.244G Optical Carrier Level 24, fiberoptic, 16128 Voice Circuits
DRDRAM 1.600G 1999 Direct Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory, By: Rambus, Inc.
HIPPI-PH 1.600G 1987 High-Performance Parallel Interface physical layer
RDRAM 1.600G 1999 Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory, By: Rambus, Inc.
SLDRAM 1.600G 1997 Synchronous Link Dynamic Random Access Memory, By: SyncLink
QuickRing 1.700G 1992 A high speed point-to-point data transfer architecture from Apple
OC-36c 1.866G Optical Carrier Level 36, fiberoptic, 24192 Voice Circuits
SDRAM 2.100G 1996 Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
SciNet 2.325G 1995 fiberoptic, part of the vBNS backbone
Cat6 2.400G 1999 250MHz, Cable standards under development
Category 6 2.400G 1999 250MHz, Cable standards under development
SONET 2.488G 1988 Synchronous Optical NETwork-Designed by the telcos.
STM-16 2,488G 1997 Synchronous Transport Module, Level 16
STS-48c 2,488G 1986 Synchronous Transport Signal, Level 48
OC-48c 2.488G 2000 Optical Carrier Level 48, fiberoptic, 32256 Voice Circuits
SERDES 2.500G 1993 SERializer/DESerializer ASIC transceiver core By: Texas Instruments
InfiniBand 2.500G 2000 Next Generation I/O By: InfiniBand Trade Association
vBNS 2.500G 1986 Very high-speed Backbone Network Service
OC-96c 4.976G Optical Carrier Level 96, fiberoptic, 64512 Voice Circuits
CANTAT-3 5.000G 1994 Cable to Nova Scotia via Iceland & Faroes, Northern England, Denmark & Germany.
FLAG 5.300G 1997 Fiber-optic Link Around the Globe, 27,300km linking Great Britain and Japan.
OC-192c 9.953G 2000 Optical Carrier Level 192, fiberoptic, 129024 Voice Circuits
LDT bus 12.000G 2001 AMD 's Lighting Data Transport bus.
RoX-II bus 12.800G 1998 (Ring Of Switches) bus architecture By: Allayer
OC-256 13.271G Optical Carrier Level 256, fiberoptic, 172032 Voice Circuits
DDRSDRAM 16.800G 2000 Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory, By: Crucial
OC-768 39.813G 2002 Optical Carrier Level 768, fiberoptic, 516096 Voice Circuits
OC-3072 159.252G Optical Carrier Level 3072, fiberoptic, 2064384 Voice Circuits
TAT-14 640.000G 2000 France Telecom, fiberoptic cable network spans 15,428 kilometers.
DWDM 2.56T 2002 2500 miles, 64-channel Dense Wave Division Multiplexing. By: Bell Labs
Glass 75.00T 1880 Light through glass fiberoptic cables.

 

Binary & Decimal Units Of Measure
Exponent Power Name Bytes
Kilobits 10 3 one thousand bits 1,000 bits.
Kbps 10 3 power bps 1,000 bits per second
KBps 10 3 power bytes/s 1,000 bytes per second
Megabits 10 6 one million bits 1,000,000 bits.
Mbps 10 6 power bps 1,000,000 bits per second
MBps 10 6 power bytes/s 1,000,000 bytes per second
Gigabits 10 9 one billion bits 1,000,000,000 bits.
Gbps 10 9 power bps 1,000,000,000 bits per second
GBps 10 9 power bytes/s 1,000,000,000 bytes per second
Kilobytes 10 3 one thousand 1,000
Megabytes 10 6 one million 1,000,000
Gigabytes 10 9 one billion 1,000,000,000
Terabytes 10 12 one trillion 1,000,000,000,000
Petabytes 10 15 one quadrillion 1,000,000,000,000,000
Exabytes 10 18 one quintillion 1,000,000,000,000,000,000
Zettabytes 10 21 one sextillion 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Yottabytes 10 24 one septillion 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Googol 10 100 ten duotrigintillion 100 zeros, no space here!
Googolplex 10 Googol one googolplex Not in my lifetime!
* Bytes are measured in base 2 & counted in base 10
Prefix Power Name Decimal
milli- 10 -3 one thousandth .001
micro- 10 -6 one millionth .000001
nano- 10 -9 one billionth .000000001
pico- 10 -12 one trillionth .000000000001
femto- 10 -15 one quadrillionth .000000000000001
atto- 10 -18 one quintillionth .000000000000000001
zepto- 10 -21 one sextillionth .000000000000000000001
yocto- 10 -24 one septillionth .000000000000000000000001

 

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